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Stored Procedures & Functions

Master SQL: Procedures, Functions, Views, Indexes & Triggers

Master Advanced SQL Database Objects

Learn to create stored procedures, functions, views, indexes, and triggers to build efficient, secure, and high-performance database systems.

Stored Procedures
Functions & Views
Indexes & Triggers

Complete SQL Database Objects Example

-- Stored Procedure: Generate Monthly Report
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_GenerateMonthlyReport (
    @month INT,
    @year INT,
    @totalRevenue DECIMAL OUT
)
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT @totalRevenue = SUM(amount)
    FROM v_MonthlySales  -- Using a View
    WHERE MONTH(sale_date) = @month
    AND YEAR(sale_date) = @year;
    
    -- Call User-Defined Function
    SELECT dbo.fn_FormatCurrency(@totalRevenue);
END;

-- Function: Format Currency
CREATE FUNCTION fn_FormatCurrency(@amount DECIMAL)
RETURNS VARCHAR(50)
AS
BEGIN
    RETURN '$' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @amount);
END;

-- View: Monthly Sales Summary
CREATE VIEW v_MonthlySales AS
SELECT 
    YEAR(order_date) AS year,
    MONTH(order_date) AS month,
    SUM(total_amount) AS amount,
    COUNT(*) AS order_count
FROM orders
GROUP BY YEAR(order_date), MONTH(order_date);

Module: Creating Procedures

Master stored procedures for reusable database logic and business rules

1

Procedure Fundamentals

  • Introduction to Stored Procedures
  • Advantages of Using Stored Procedures
  • Syntax (SQL Server/MySQL/PostgreSQL)
  • Input & Output Parameters
  • Control-Flow Logic (IF, CASE, LOOP)
2

Advanced Procedure Concepts

  • Handling Errors & Exception Blocks
  • Passing Dynamic Values
  • Stored Procedure Optimization
  • Procedure Execution & Permissions
  • Best Practices & Guidelines
3

Real-Time Applications

  • Authentication Procedures
  • Billing & Invoice Generation
  • Report Generation Procedures
  • Data Validation Procedures
  • Batch Processing Examples

Module: Functions

Create reusable SQL functions for data manipulation and calculations

4

Function Fundamentals

  • What are SQL Functions?
  • Difference: Functions vs Procedures
  • Scalar Functions Explained
  • Table-Valued Functions
  • Deterministic vs Non-Deterministic
5

Advanced Function Concepts

  • Writing User-Defined Functions (UDF)
  • Function Parameters & Return Types
  • Function Security Restrictions
  • Performance Considerations
  • Best Practices for Using Functions
6

Practical Applications

  • Data Formatting Functions
  • Business Calculations
  • String Operations
  • Date/Time Manipulation
  • Data Validation Functions

SQL Database Architecture

Core architectural components for high-performance databases

Performance Layer

Indexes and optimized queries for fast data retrieval and processing

🔒

Security Layer

Views and procedures for controlled data access and abstraction

🔄

Automation Layer

Triggers and scheduled procedures for automated business logic

Module: Views & Indexes

Optimize data access and presentation with views and indexes

Views Fundamentals

  • What is a View?
  • Types of Views (Simple & Complex)
  • Creating & Updating Views
  • Updatable vs Non-Updatable Views
  • Materialized Views Concepts

Views Applications

  • Using Views for Security
  • Column-Level Access Control
  • Performance Considerations
  • Dashboard Data Views
  • Report & Filter Views

Indexes Fundamentals

  • What is an Index?
  • How Indexes Improve Performance
  • Types of Indexes Overview
  • Indexing Strategy
  • When NOT to Use Indexes

Clustered Index

Defines physical order
Only one per table
Fast for range queries

Non-Clustered Index

Separate storage
Multiple per table
Fast for lookups

Composite Index

Multiple columns
Order matters
Covering queries

Unique Index

Enforces uniqueness
NULL handling
Data integrity

Module: Triggers

Automate database actions and enforce business rules with triggers

7

Trigger Fundamentals

  • What is a Trigger?
  • Types of Triggers (Before, After)
  • Instead Of Triggers
  • Creating Triggers with Syntax
  • Insert, Update & Delete Triggers
8

Advanced Trigger Concepts

  • Row-Level vs Statement-Level
  • Using Triggers for Validation
  • Logging & Audit Trail Triggers
  • Avoiding Common Trigger Errors
  • Trigger Performance Considerations
9

Real-World Applications

  • Auto-update Timestamps
  • Audit Log Maintenance
  • Business Rule Enforcement
  • Data Synchronization
  • Historical Data Tracking

Real-World Database Solutions

Practical applications of advanced SQL database objects

E-Commerce Order Processing

Complete order management system using all database objects:

  • Stored Procedure: Order validation & inventory check
  • Function: Calculate discounts and taxes
  • View: Customer order history
  • Index: Fast product search
  • Trigger: Auto-update inventory levels

Banking Transaction System

Secure financial system with audit trails:

  • Procedure: Fund transfer with validation
  • Function: Interest calculation
  • View: Account summary with security
  • Index: Transaction history queries
  • Trigger: Audit log for all changes

Database Performance Tools

Essential tools for monitoring and optimizing database performance

Query Profiler

Analyze query execution plans

Index Advisor

Recommend optimal indexes

Performance Monitor

Track database metrics

Execution Plan

Visualize query processing

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