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Database Schema Design

Master Database Design & Normalization

Master Database Design & Normalization

Learn professional database modeling with ER Diagrams, master Primary/Foreign Key relationships, and normalize databases to eliminate redundancy while maintaining integrity.

Entity-Relationship Diagrams
Key Constraints
Database Normalization

ER Diagram Example: E-Commerce System

Customer
customer_id (PK)
name
email
address
1:N
Order
order_id (PK)
customer_id (FK)
order_date
total_amount
1:N
Order_Item
order_id (FK)
product_id (FK)
quantity
price

Module: ER Diagrams (Entity-Relationship Diagrams)

Master visual database design and modeling techniques

1

ER Fundamentals

  • Introduction to Database Schema Design
  • Understanding Entities, Attributes & Relationships
  • Types of Relationships (1:1, 1:N, M:N)
  • Identifying Entities from Requirements
  • Mapping real-world scenarios to ER models
2

Advanced ER Concepts

  • Cardinality & Participation Constraints
  • ER Diagram Symbols & Notations
  • Converting Business Requirements into ER Models
  • ER Diagram Case Studies
  • Tools for ER Diagram Creation
3

Practical Applications

  • E-commerce System Design
  • School Management System
  • Hospital Database Design
  • Draw.io, Lucidchart, ERDPlus Tools
  • Best Practices for ER Diagrams

Database Architecture Principles

Core concepts that ensure robust and scalable database design

🏗️

Data Integrity

Ensure accuracy and consistency through proper constraints and validation rules

🔗

Relationship Mapping

Correctly model real-world relationships between different data entities

⚡

Performance Design

Design schemas that support efficient querying and data retrieval

Module: Primary & Foreign Keys

Master database relationships and referential integrity

4

Key Fundamentals

  • What is a Primary Key?
  • Characteristics of a Good Primary Key
  • What is a Foreign Key and why it matters?
  • Referential Integrity Concepts
  • Relationships using Primary–Foreign Keys
5

Advanced Key Concepts

  • Composite Keys and Implementation
  • Surrogate Keys vs Natural Keys
  • Cascading Rules (CASCADE, SET NULL)
  • SET DEFAULT, RESTRICT operations
  • Constraints in SQL Syntax
6

Practical Scenarios

  • User → Orders Relationships
  • Customer → Payments Implementation
  • PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY Constraints
  • UNIQUE Constraint Applications
  • Real-world Database Examples

Module: Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF)

Eliminate data redundancy and anomalies through proper database design

Normalization Fundamentals

  • What is Normalization?
  • Why normalization is important?
  • Functional Dependencies Explained
  • First Normal Form (1NF) Requirements
  • Atomic Values and Repeating Groups

Advanced Normal Forms

  • Second Normal Form (2NF) Rules
  • Partial Dependencies Elimination
  • Third Normal Form (3NF) Criteria
  • Transitive Dependencies Removal
  • BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)

Practical Implementation

  • Advantages & Disadvantages
  • Normalization Case Studies
  • Student Database Example
  • Orders Database Normalization
  • Conversion Examples 1NF→3NF

Unnormalized Data

Mixed data
Repeating groups
Redundancy

First Normal Form

Atomic values
No repeating groups
Primary key defined

Second Normal Form

No partial dependencies
Full functional dependency
Related data grouped

Third Normal Form

No transitive dependencies
Independent entities
Optimal structure

Database Design Case Studies

Apply your knowledge to real-world database design scenarios

E-Commerce Platform Design

Complete database design for an online shopping platform:

  • ER Diagram for customers, products, orders
  • Primary/Foreign key relationships
  • Normalization to 3NF for inventory
  • Payment transaction tables
  • Shipping and logistics schema

Hospital Management System

Healthcare database with complex relationships:

  • Patient-doctor appointment ERD
  • Medical records normalization
  • Prescription and billing tables
  • Staff and department relationships
  • Appointment scheduling schema

Database Design Tools

Professional tools for creating and managing database designs

Draw.io

Free diagramming tool with ERD templates

Lucidchart

Collaborative diagramming for teams

ERDPlus

Specialized ER diagram tool

MySQL Workbench

Database modeling and design

Ready to Master Database Design?

Join database professionals who design efficient, scalable systems with proper normalization and relationship modeling.

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