Master Relational Databases: MySQL & PostgreSQL

Master Relational Databases: MySQL & PostgreSQL

Learn professional database administration, backup strategies, and practical implementation for both MySQL and PostgreSQL databases in production environments.

MySQL Mastery
PostgreSQL Expertise
Backup & Recovery

MySQL vs PostgreSQL: Basic Database Operations

-- MySQL: Creating a Table
CREATE DATABASE ecommerce;
USE ecommerce;

CREATE TABLE products (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
    stock INT DEFAULT 0,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

-- PostgreSQL: Creating a Table
CREATE DATABASE ecommerce;

\c ecommerce  -- Connect to database

CREATE TABLE products (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
    stock INT DEFAULT 0,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- Both: Inserting Data
INSERT INTO products (name, price, stock) 
VALUES ('Laptop', 999.99, 10),
       ('Mouse', 29.99, 50);

-- Both: Creating a Backup (MySQL vs PostgreSQL)
-- MySQL: mysqldump -u root -p ecommerce > backup.sql
-- PostgreSQL: pg_dump -U postgres ecommerce > backup.sql

Module 1: Installation & Setup

Get started with MySQL and PostgreSQL on any platform with professional configuration

1

Database Fundamentals

  • Introduction to Relational Databases
  • MySQL vs PostgreSQL Overview
  • System Requirements & Environment
  • Choosing the Right Database
  • Understanding ACID Properties
2

MySQL Installation

  • Installer Method (Windows/Mac)
  • Command Line Installation
  • Docker Container Setup
  • MySQL Workbench Setup
  • Testing Installation & Connectivity
3

PostgreSQL Installation

  • Installer with pgAdmin
  • Command Line Setup
  • Docker Container Deployment
  • pgAdmin Configuration
  • Connection Testing & Validation
my

MySQL

Best For: Web applications, read-heavy workloads

Key Features: Fast reads, replication, mature ecosystem

Default Port: 3306

Owned By: Oracle Corporation

pg

PostgreSQL

Best For: Complex queries, data integrity

Key Features: Advanced SQL, JSON support, extensible

Default Port: 5432

License: Open Source (PostgreSQL License)

Installer

Graphical setup for beginners

Windows, macOS, Linux GUI

Command Line

Advanced control and automation

Linux, macOS, Docker

Docker

Containerized deployment

Isolation, easy scaling

Cloud

Managed database services

AWS RDS, GCP Cloud SQL, Azure

Module 2: Backup & Restore

Implement reliable backup strategies and disaster recovery plans for production databases

4

Backup Fundamentals

  • Importance of Database Backups
  • Backup Types & Strategies
  • Full vs Incremental Backups
  • Logical vs Physical Backups
  • Backup Schedule Planning
5

MySQL Backup Methods

  • mysqldump Command Line
  • MySQL Workbench GUI Backup
  • Physical File System Backups
  • Binary Log Backups
  • Automated Backup Scripts
6

PostgreSQL Backup Methods

  • pg_dump for Single Database
  • pg_dumpall for All Databases
  • pg_basebackup for Physical
  • Continuous Archiving
  • Point-in-Time Recovery

MySQL mysqldump

# Backup single database
mysqldump -u root -p database_name > backup.sql

# Backup all databases
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > all_backup.sql

# Backup with compression
mysqldump -u root -p database_name | gzip > backup.sql.gz

PostgreSQL pg_dump

# Backup single database
pg_dump -U postgres database_name > backup.sql

# Backup with custom format
pg_dump -U postgres -Fc database_name > backup.dump

# Backup all databases
pg_dumpall -U postgres > all_backup.sql

Automation Cron Jobs

# Daily backup at 2 AM (Linux/Mac)
0 2 * * * mysqldump -u root -pPASSWORD dbname > /backups/db_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql

# PostgreSQL daily backup
0 2 * * * pg_dump -U postgres dbname > /backups/pg_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql

# Weekly full backup
0 2 * * 0 mysqldump -u root -pPASSWORD --all-databases > /backups/full_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql
1

MySQL Restoration

  • mysql -u root -p database_name < backup.sql
  • Create database first if needed
  • Check for errors during restore
  • Verify data integrity
2

PostgreSQL Restoration

  • psql -U postgres database_name < backup.sql
  • Drop database first if replacing
  • Use pg_restore for custom format
  • Check log for errors
3

Cloud Backups

  • AWS RDS automated backups
  • Google Cloud SQL snapshots
  • Azure SQL backups
  • Cross-region replication

Module 3: Practical Implementation

Build real-world database systems with hands-on projects and best practices

7

Database Design

  • Creating Databases & Schemas
  • MySQL vs PostgreSQL Data Types
  • Basic SQL Operations (CRUD)
  • Primary & Foreign Key Relationships
  • Real-World Table Design Examples
8

Advanced Operations

  • JOIN Operations (All Types)
  • Constraints Implementation
  • Views & Indexes Creation
  • Query Optimization Basics
  • Data Import/Export Techniques
9

Administration & Security

  • Stored Procedures & Functions
  • User Management & Permissions
  • Role-Based Access Control
  • Audit Logging Implementation
  • Performance Monitoring

E-Commerce Database Project

Complete implementation guide for an online store:

  • Schema Design: Products, Customers, Orders, Payments
  • Relationships: One-to-Many, Many-to-Many with junction tables
  • Sample Data: Insert realistic test data
  • Reporting Queries: Sales reports, inventory alerts
  • Backup Strategy: Daily incremental, weekly full backups
  • User Management: Admin, staff, customer roles

Learning Management System

Educational platform database design:

  • Entities: Students, Courses, Instructors, Assignments
  • Advanced Features: Enrollment system, grades tracking
  • Complex Queries: Student progress reports
  • Performance: Indexes on frequently queried columns
  • Security: FERPA compliance, data protection
  • Export: Grade reports in CSV/PDF format
1

Design Phase

Create ER diagrams, identify entities, define relationships, choose appropriate data types

2

Implementation

Create tables, establish relationships, implement constraints, add indexes for performance

3

Data Population

Insert sample data, import from CSV/JSON, validate data integrity, create test scenarios

4

Query Development

Write CRUD operations, complex JOIN queries, reporting queries, optimize with EXPLAIN

5

Administration

Create users with permissions, implement backup strategy, monitor performance, document

Database Tools & Management Platforms

Essential tools for professional database administration and development

MySQL Workbench

Visual design, SQL development, administration

pgAdmin

PostgreSQL administration, query tool, monitoring

Command Line

mysql, psql clients for advanced operations

Cloud Platforms

AWS RDS, Google Cloud SQL, Azure Database

Task 1 Install Both Databases

Install MySQL and PostgreSQL using different methods (installer, Docker, command line)

Task 2 Create E-Commerce Schema

Design and implement complete e-commerce database with all required tables and relationships

Task 3 Implement Backup Strategy

Create automated backup scripts for both databases with compression and retention policy

Task 4 Performance Optimization

Identify slow queries, add appropriate indexes, and optimize table structures

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